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How should one select the polyacrylamide grade in acidic and alkaline environments?

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Company News

2019-08-07

Generally speaking, anionic polyacrylamide is suitable for neutral and alkaline environments, while cationic polyacrylamide and nonionic polyacrylamide are suitable for acidic and neutral environments. The different flocculants can be used in various pH environments, a fact directly related to their molecular structures.

Generally speaking, anionic polyacrylamide is suitable for neutral and alkaline environments, while cationic polyacrylamide and nonionic polyacrylamide are suitable for acidic and neutral environments. The different flocculants can be used in various pH ranges, a fact directly related to their molecular structures.

Anionic polyacrylamide is suitable for both alkaline and neutral environments and exhibits excellent flocculation performance in systems where solid particles have positively charged surfaces. Anionic polyacrylamide has a wide range of applications; currently, most products on the market are weakly anionic, with a hydrolysis degree of around 26%. Non-ionic flocculants are appropriate for systems where solid particles have low net surface charges and can generally be used in acidic or nearly neutral water conditions!

For cationic polyacrylamide, since its aqueous solution carries a positive charge, it can rapidly flocculate and precipitate suspended particles that carry negative charges. Under acidic conditions, organic substances tend to bind hydrogen ions; however, functional groups such as hydroxyl, carboxyl, and amide groups still retain electronegativity and are capable of forming hydrogen bonds, making them readily reactive with cationic polyacrylamide. Meanwhile, the quaternary ammonium ions in the cationic flocculant do not strongly bind protons, allowing them to continue interacting with larger organic molecules. However, if the acidity is too strong, the effectiveness of the cationic polyacrylamide will be significantly reduced. In cases where the acidity is relatively high, it is advisable to first add polyaluminum chloride. As polyaluminum chloride is alkaline, it can neutralize the acidity. Additionally, polyaluminum chloride can coagulate suspended particles in acidic wastewater into fine flocs. After this initial step, adding the flocculant will enable it to more effectively exert its flocculation and sedimentation action.

In environments with strong acidity or alkalinity, manufacturers often opt to use polyaluminum chloride alone. They believe that adding inorganic flocculants such as polyaluminum chloride first and then introducing polymeric flocculants can be cumbersome, and polyacrylamide has a relatively high unit price. At first glance, polyacrylamide may seem more expensive; however, due to its high molecular weight, when properly selected, it typically requires only small dosages. Moreover, the flocs formed by polyacrylamide are large, settle rapidly, and produce clear effluent. As a result, its overall cost-effectiveness is higher than that of polyaluminum chloride. Therefore, our company recommends using polyaluminum chloride in combination with polyacrylamide for optimal water treatment results. For further details, please contact the Technical Department of Jinyuan Chemical Industry in Gongyi City.

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